Test your Brain

Burning rope

There are two lengths of rope.
Each one can burn in exactly one hour.
They are not necessarily of the same length or width as each other.
They also are not of uniform width (may be wider in middle than on the end), thus burning half of the rope is not necessarily 1/2 hour.

By burning the ropes, how do you measure exactly 45 minutes worth of time?

Multiple drug resistance: A daunting challange

Bhuwaneswor Prasad Kandel

Lecturer (Medical Microbiology),

Prithvi Narayan Campus, Pokhara, Nepal

Bacterial resistance to various antibiotics has been observed since their discovery and the pace of development of new antibiotics in recent years has been paralleled by the appearance of resistance to these antibiotics creating a growing health problem of global magnitude. The relentless threat posed by microbial drug resistance has achieved the dimension of a global pandemic, with a relevant impact in terms of morbidity, mortality and health-care associated costs. The growing threat posed by increasing prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases among gram-negative bacteria has resulted in infections that can be extremely difficult to treat. Extensive and indiscriminant use of various antimicrobials in clinical and agricultural practices has been creating the major selective force for emergence and global dissemination of resistant strains and resistance genes. Misuse and overuse of antibiotics by clinicians and retailers, their use by patients in suboptimal dose and duration, and use of leftover antibiotics by patients, all have contributed to emergence and spread of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Residents of long-term care facilities (LTCF) and ambulatory patients are among the main reservoirs of most of antibiotic-resistant bacteria with severe and chronic illness, increased antimicrobial exposure, altered physiological states, use of indwelling devices, surgery, etc. being reported risk factors for infection with MDR organisms leading to treatment failure and prolonged period of hospital stay.

Theory vs practical

 pariwartan tiwari

 crazy diamond                                                                                                              

                                                                                                

Educational tour from college makes everyone excited as it not only enhances an opportunity to explore creativity but also to experience freedom in a complete strange place. I was little skeptic about the idea of tour as it came just a few days before the dashain vacation. But finally everything seemed alright and we set out on 25th Sep 2011.

For me personally it was a chance to testify the idealism of my education with the reality of the world. The theories of my book and the monotonous lectures from my teachers had made me a prisoner of my dramatic visions. As soon as we steeped the entrances of some industries like coca cola industry and Asian pharmaceuticals I slowly found myself able to hope and trust in the subject I am studying. I don’t know what seemed important to others but one think drew attention of mine, waste water treatment plant. I don’t know what was so special about that but my enthusiasm triumphed over my exhaustion of the

Hidden facts about tea

Prakash Chalise

B.Sc. 1st, PNC 

Introduction:-

Tea is being one of the preferred hot drinks of the modern society. Every category of people wants to drink tea except a few. Some facts about tea make people panic. Even scientists suggest drinking too much tea is injurious to our health. But recent studies about tea makes some different conclusion as “If we drink tea in a certain limit in regular manner, it helps to improve our health but not harms”.

Importance:-

Plant nutrition called “Phytonutrients” which increases our anti-oxidant (capacity of our body to fight against the diseases) is found in tea. Researches show that there “Phytonutrients” prevents our untimely old-age, cancer, diabetes, heart attack & eye suffering. The American scientist (Working in Agriculture ministry of USA), “Ronald Prior” with his longtime research about tea claims that there “Phytonutrients” are more powerful & nutritive then that from fruits & green vegetable.

Another researcher, working in food laboratory in USA, Dr. Graince Vicher mentioned that his laboratory experimental research showed that one cup of tea provides the “Phytonutrients” equivalent to that from one plate green vegetable or one plate of fresh meat.

The Chinese scientist “DR. Tumi Cheni” is longtime research found a chemical named “Polyphenal” in tea which prevents the mouth cancer.

A brief History of Atom

chandraman_karki@yahoo.com 

Chandra Man Karki

A unit of matter, the smallest unit of an element, consisting of a dense, central, positively charged nucleus surrounded by a system of electrons, equal in number to the number of nuclear protons, centimeter and characteristically remaining undivided in chemical reactions except for limited removal, transfer, or exchange of certain electrons.

John Dalton

An English scientist called John Dalton put forward his ideas about atoms. From his experiments and observations, he suggested that atoms were like tiny, hard balls. An element is a substance made from only one type of atom. An element cannot be broken down into any simpler substances. Element had its own atoms that differed from others in mass. Dalton believed that atoms were the fundamental building blocks of nature and could not be split. In chemical reactions, the atoms would rearrange themselves and combine with other atoms in new ways.
In many ways, Dalton's ideas are still useful today.

J.J. Thomson

At the end of the nineteenth century, a scientist called J.J. Thomson discovered the electron. This is a tiny negatively charged particle that is much, much smaller than any atom.
Thomson proposed a different model for the atom. He said that the tiny negatively charged electrons must be embedded in a cloud of positive charge (after all, atoms themselves carry no overall charge, so the charges must balance out). Thomson imagined the electrons as the bits of plum in a plum pudding.